Date: July 2023

What effect does a person’s status have?

Status refers to a person’s capacity to:
- have rights and duties (“legal capacity”);
- enter into contracts (“capacity to act”);
- be held liable for crimes (“criminal liability”); and
- sue or be sued (“capacity to litigate”).
A person’s capacity is limited by his/her domicile, age, or mental and physical ability.

What effect does a person’s age have?

A person has full, limited or no capacity, as explained in the table below:

Age	Capacity
Infants 0-7 years of age	No capacity. A parent or guardian acts on behalf of an infant.
Minors 7-18 years of age	Limited capacity. A minor can enter into contracts with the consent or assistance of his/her parent or guardian. A minor does not need assistance from his/her parent or guardian for HIV testing, acquiring rights without duties (like receiving a donation), or access to information.
0-12 years of age	No criminal responsibility.
12-14 years of age	There is a presumption that there is no criminal responsibility unless proven otherwise.
14 years of age and above	Full criminal responsibility. A minor can be a witness to a Will.
10 years of age and above	A minor must consent to his/her adoption.
12 years of age and above	A minor can receive medical treatment without the consent of his/her parent or guardian provided that the minor understands the advantages, risks and implications of the treatment.
12–15 years of age for girls 14–18 years of age for boys	A minor may get married with the consent of his/her parent or guardian and the Minister of Home Affairs. A minor who gets married becomes a major, and maintains this status upon divorce.
16 years of age and above	A minor can make a Will without the assistance of his/her parent or legal guardian. A minor can open a bank account.
Majority: 18 years of age and above	A person has full capacity, unless s/he is mentally ill, physically disabled or is a prodigal and cannot manage his/her affairs (a curator must be appointed); or is under the influence of alcohol and drugs (for example, the contract may be void as it was entered into while s/he could not control his/her actions).

Glossary of terms:

CURATOR: a person appointed by a High Court to manage a person’s estate as s/he cannot manage his/her affairs.

GUARDIAN: both parents are guardians of a child born from the marriage; the mother of a child born out of wedlock is the guardian, unless the father acquires guardianship, for example, by living in a permanent life-partnership with the mother; or the court may appoint a guardian. Guardianship includes safeguarding the child’s property or property interests; representing the child in legal matters; and consenting to marriage, adoption, removal from South Africa, or an application for a passport.

PARENT: the biological father or mother of a child who has full or limited parental rights and responsibilities over his/her child.

PRODIGAL: a person who wastes money in an irresponsible and extravagant manner.

VOID: a term used to describe a contract as being invalid and unenforceable.

How can LegalWise assist you?

Should you require an explanation of your rights on this topic, please contact your nearest Branch.

Age, Domicile and Status

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